半数美国人参加各种各样的户外活动

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半数美国人参加各种各样的户外活动

据美国户外基金会(Outdoor Foundation)去年发布的报告,采样数据表明,美国人无论男女老少,在2016年有大约半数(48.8%)至少参加了一次户外活动,与上一年相比增加了200万人。从2006年以来,这个比例变化不大。在这些人当中,平均每年进行77次户外活动,其中有21%每个星期至少有两次户外活动。

户外活动最热门的是慢跑和越野跑,在2016年,参与跑步的美国人有5230万,占总人口的18%。

其次是钓鱼。有16%的美国人,即4720万人,在2016年钓过鱼,包括出海钓鱼,在淡水湖河钓鱼和飞钩钓。

美国鱼类和野生生物服务局资料显示,40%的16岁以上美国人,即超过一亿人到野外狩猎、钓鱼或观赏野生生物。(U.S. Department of the Interior)

在户外活动当中占第三位的是骑自行车,包括道路自行车、山地车和小轮竞技车(BMX)。在2016年,有15%即4580万美国人进行过户外骑车活动。

再下来就是徒步, 4210万美国人(占人口的14%)在2016年在户外进行了徒步锻炼。

最后,是到户外去露营。美国人露营有许多方式,有人在自家(或人家)的庭院里搭帐篷过夜,还有的在野外就睡在车里,或者是专门的野营车,当然还有背包徒步在野外露宿。2016年有4050万美国人曾经在户外露营,占全体美国人的14%。

这些热衷户外的美国人,无论主要参与的是哪一类活动,很多都同时会步行健身,那是参与户外运动的人们最喜欢的交叉活动。在所有户外活动参与者当中,除了自己最主要的户外活动之外,有45%都表示还会进行徒步健行。

从性别和年龄段来看,6岁到17岁的男性美国青少年参与户外活动的比例最高,为65%。其次是18到24岁的青年男子,他们当中有54%参加了户外活动。女孩子们参与户外活动的总体比例虽然低于男性,但是在18到24岁的年龄段,2016年有56%的女性青年进行了户外活动,不但比上一年增加了三个百分点,而且超越了男性。

对参与户外活动的美国家庭来说,无论是否有子女,平均每年的户外活动次数为78次。统计数据显示,如果在孩童年代就开始参加户外活动,则成年后会有更大可能继续从事户外活动。童年时代就有过户外活动体验的人,16%后来不再继续户外活动,但是有37%会在成年后热衷于户外活动,所以主张户外健身的会鼓励家长从小就带着子女到户外去。

参与户外活动与人们所受过的教育和家庭收入有很大关系。户外基金会的报告显示,大学毕业生有27%会参加户外活动,而高中毕业生的这个比例只有15%。家庭年收入在10万美元以上的人们有32%参与户外活动,而低于2万5千美元年收入的家庭成员,只有14%会参加户外活动。

从族裔来看,虽然总体而言白人是户外活动的主力,占了73%,但是每个不同肤色和族裔的参与比例近年来都有所变化:白人参与户外活动从5年前的51%下降到了50%,亚裔则恰恰相反,从50%提高到了51%。西语裔和亚裔一样,参与户外活动的比例也在上升,与白人相当接近。值得人们关注的是,美国黑人参与户外活动的比例尽管也在上升,但是仍然较低,只有大约三分之一的黑人参加户外活动。有关人士呼吁,不仅非裔美国人及其社团应该重视户外活动对于人们身心健康的重要性,有关行业组织要把眼光投向那些尚未注重户外活动的人群,而且人们在走向户外的时候,可以主动邀请那些尚未涉足的朋友加入,一起投身到大自然的怀抱。

美国人多种多样的的户外活动(美国农业部森林管理局网站)
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